The Anti-Corruption Movement in Muhammadiyah: Conceptual Foundations, Institutional Typology, and Governance Evaluation

Abstract

This study investigates the institutionalization of anti-corruption ethics within Muhammadiyah, one of the largest Islamic civil society organizations in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative institutional case study design and document-based analysis, the research explores how anti-corruption principles are embedded across Muhammadiyah’s normative frameworks, governance structures, cultural practices, and civic engagement. Drawing on institutional theory, public integrity frameworks, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah ethics, the study identifies a four-pillar architecture comprising normative institutionalization, regulatory embedding, cultural-cognitive internalization, and civic accountability. Findings reveal that Muhammadiyah positions anti-corruption not merely as legal compliance but as a moral imperative integral to its religious identity and organizational mission. The organization codifies integrity through official regulations, cadre formation programs, and public advocacy, despite the structural limitations of non-state actors in law enforcement. The study introduces the Maqāṣid-Based Faith Integrity Governance Model, offering a conceptual framework that demonstrates how faith-based organizations can construct coherent, value-driven integrity systems. This model contributes to the broader discourse on ethical governance by highlighting the potential of religious institutions to serve as agents of public accountability and institutional ethics in democratic contexts.