Religious Pluralism: A Study of Civil Society Negotiations in Bali Amidst Westernisation

Abstract

This article discusses the dynamics of religious pluralism in Bali within the framework of Islamic civilisation and contemporary social movements. Bali, whose population is predominantly Hindu, is also home to Muslim communities and other religions, creating a unique space for interfaith interaction. This study focuses on analysing the dynamics of religious pluralism in the context of civil society in Bali, as well as the opportunities and challenges that arise amid globalisation and the tide of Westernisation. This global phenomenon not only opens up space for interfaith dialogue, but also presents challenges in the form of the commodification of rituals, a shift in traditional values, and the strengthening of individualism. Using a library-based anthropological approach, this study finds that the Muslim community in Bali has developed adaptive strategies through the practice of religious moderation, the strengthening of local wisdom, and participation in interfaith social movements. The results show that Westernisation has brought significant changes to the social interaction patterns and religious practices of the Balinese people, both through cultural acculturation and the shift in traditional values. Although the level of interfaith tolerance is relatively stable, the influence of globalisation continues to pose new challenges in maintaining local values and religious moderation. Therefore, strategies  as multicultural education, revitalisation of local wisdom, and strengthening interfaith dialogue are important solutions in building a harmonious and inclusive civil society.